Category: Uncategorised

This week, I continued to look up literature that would be helpful for my dissertation, and took notes on them to extract the highlights.

Common modelling and rendering tools have trouble with complex, repetitive scenes with forests, leaves, grass, hair, or fur. Even in high-end productions, this kind of scene is rarely used because it takes a lot of data, is hard to model and animate, and costs a lot of money to render realistically. The author talks about how volumetric textures work well in these kinds of scenes. These basic shapes can make modelling and animation much easier. More importantly, they can be rendered quickly and with little aliasing by using ray tracing. Kajiya and Kay (1989) came up with the main idea, which is to represent a pattern of 3D geometry in a reference volume that is tiled over a surface like a regular 2D texture. In our contribution, the mapping is independent of the mesh subdivision, the pattern can be any shape, and it is prefiltered at different scales, just like MIP-mapping. Even though the model is encoded in a volumetric way, the way it is drawn is very different from how volume rendering is usually done. A volumetric texture can only be found near a surface, and the repeated parts of the reference volume, which are called texels, are distorted in space. Also, each voxel in the reference volume has a key feature that controls the reflectance function that shows the overall geometry of the voxels. This lets a single ray per pixel be used to trace very complicated scenes with very few aliasing artefacts (for the part of the scene using the volumetric texture representation). The most important technical parts of our method are figuring out the ray path and figuring out the reflectance function. （Neyret, 1998)

Neyret, F., 1998. Modeling, animating, and rendering complex scenes using volumetric textures. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 4(1), pp.55-70.

It allows texture elements to be placed on a surface in a way that is not limited by the mesh subdivision, just like regular 2D textures.

References:

Lake, A., Marshall, C., Harris, M. and Blackstein, M., 2000, June. Stylized rendering techniques for scalable real-time 3d animation. In Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering (pp. 13-20).

McDonnell, R., Breidt, M. and Bülthoff, H.H., 2012. Render me real? Investigating the effect of render style on the perception of animated virtual humans. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), 31(4), pp.1-11.

Rosenblum, R.E., Carlson, W.E. and Tripp III, E., 1991. Simulating the structure and dynamics of human hair: modelling, rendering and animation. The Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation, 2(4), pp.141-148.

Strothotte, T. and Schlechtweg, S., 2002. Non-photorealistic computer graphics: modeling, rendering, and animation. Morgan Kaufmann.

This week, I looked up more relevant literature on rendering, and distilled the information that was useful to me in different kinds of literature, and recorded and saved it.

Idea01: GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) and CPU (Central Processing Unit) are two types of computer hardware that are commonly used for rendering.

CPU rendering is when the computer’s CPU is used to do calculations for rendering. This method is usually slower than rendering with a GPU, but it can be more flexible because CPUs are made to handle a wide range of tasks. CPUs are usually used for rendering applications that need a high level of accuracy and precision, like scientific simulations and photorealistic rendering. In GPU rendering, on the other hand, calculations for rendering are done by using the computer’s GPU. GPUs are made for rendering and can handle a lot of data at the same time. This makes them perfect for real-time rendering applications like video games and virtual reality. GPUs are also often used for architectural visualisations and product design, which are two other types of rendering.

Both GPU rendering and CPU rendering have their pros and cons, and which one to use will depend on what the application needs. Many modern rendering programmes can do both CPU rendering and GPU rendering, so users can choose the method that works best for them.

References from : https://academyofanimatedart.com/cpu-vs-gpu-renderer-which-is-better/

This week, I decided on the title of my thesis, ‘ what is the significance of rendering in the animation, video game and film industries? (The significance of various rendering techniques and rendering styles in the film of animation, film, and game). After deciding on a title for my dissertation, my primary responsibility was to locate relevant articles, books, and academic papers.

Rendering is the process of utilising computer software to generate an image or animation from a 2D or 3D model. In computer graphics, various types of rendering techniques are routinely employed, including:Rasterization is a quick and effective rendering process that includes projecting 3D objects onto a 2D plane to transform them into 2D images. Rasterization is a technique that is frequently employed in real-time applications such as video games and interactive simulations.

Ray tracing is a rendering approach that replicates how light interacts with items in a scene by tracing the course of individual light rays as they bounce off surfaces and interact with other things in the image. Ray tracing may produce incredibly realistic visuals, but it is computationally expensive.

Global illumination: This approach simulates the way that light bounces around a scene to provide indirect lighting effects like as reflections and ambient occlusion. To create highly realistic visuals, global illumination can be used with other rendering techniques such as rasterization and ray tracing.

Radiosity is a technique used to create diffuse lighting effects by simulating how light bounces off surfaces in a scene. Radiosity can be utilised to provide soft and nuanced lighting effects that would be difficult to achieve with other rendering approaches.

Volume rendering: This approach is used to render volumetric data, such as medical pictures or fluid dynamics simulations. It entails projecting light beams through a volume of data and calculating how the light rays interact with the data to form an image.

Photorealistic rendering is a rendering approach that seeks to create visuals that are indistinguishable from actual photographs. Photorealistic rendering often entails the use of several rendering techniques, including ray tracing and global illumination, as well as advanced texturing and shading techniques.

references from: https://www.marxentlabs.com/author/soniamarxentlabs-com/

Also, I have concerns about two categories: 3D Real-Time and 3D Post-Process Rendering.. These are the two ways of renderers, which are used very frequently in games, and movies. Real-time rendering is the main rendering method of almost every large AA game, in order to enhance the effect of the graphics, more efficient and fast to improve the player’s experience.

The process of creating graphics or animations in real-time, generally at interactive frame rates of 30 frames per second or more, is referred to as real-time rendering. Applications like video games, augmented and virtual reality, simulations, and architectural representations frequently use real-time rendering.

Rreferences

Song, M. and Grogono, P., 2009, May. Application of advanced rendering and animation techniques for 3D games to softbody modeling and animation. In Proceedings of the 2nd Canadian Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (pp. 89-100).

Goswami, P., 2021. A survey of modeling, rendering and animation of clouds in computer graphics. The Visual Computer, 37(7), pp.1931-1948.